Data Sharing and Reproducibility Policy

The journal supports transparency, research integrity, data accessibility and reproducibility in scholarly research. Authors are encouraged to make the data, materials and methods supporting their research findings available wherever legally, ethically and practically possible.

Data Availability

Authors should provide sufficient information to enable readers and other researchers to understand, verify and, where appropriate, reproduce the reported findings.

Research data may include datasets, questionnaires, interview protocols, experimental materials, software code, statistical analyses and other materials relevant to the study.

Authors are encouraged to deposit research data in recognised institutional, disciplinary or general-purpose repositories that provide persistent identifiers and appropriate access conditions.

Reproducibility

Authors must provide clear descriptions of their research methodology, data collection procedures, analytical techniques and relevant software tools.

Where applicable, authors are encouraged to share source code, algorithms, research instruments and supplementary materials necessary to support reproducibility.

The journal recognises that complete reproducibility may not be possible for all research designs, particularly qualitative, exploratory and context-specific studies. In such cases, authors should provide sufficient methodological transparency to support critical evaluation.

Ethical and Legal Restrictions

The journal recognises that some research data cannot be shared openly because of participant confidentiality, privacy regulations, intellectual property rights, contractual obligations or other ethical and legal considerations.

Authors must clearly explain any restrictions on data accessibility.

Data Integrity

Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy, authenticity and integrity of their research data.

Fabrication, falsification, inappropriate manipulation or deliberate misrepresentation of data is strictly prohibited.

The journal reserves the right to request supporting data during editorial evaluation or following publication when concerns about research integrity arise.

Any concerns regarding data integrity will be examined in accordance with COPE guidelines.